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quarta-feira, 29 de julho de 2015

Legio VII Gemina

"Talvez ao luar
Possas ver o olhar
Que lembrar fez nascer
Português"

                        "Glória" - Sétima Legião

Legio VII Gemina ("Sétima Legião Gêmea") foi uma legião romana cujo nome completo era Legio VII Gemina Felix. A Sétima Gemina tem as suas origens no Ano dos quatro imperadores (69 d.C.), quando o governador da Hispânia Tarraconense, Galba, a criou e com ela marchou contra Roma.


A Legião continuava na cidade chamada "Castra Legionis" (atual León, na Espanha) no final do século IV d.C.
Tácito chamou-a Galbiana para a distinguir da antiga Legio VII Claudia, mas esta forma não se encontra em nenhuma inscrição. É possível que tenha recebido o apelido de Gemina devido a uma fusão feita por Vespasiano com uma das legiões germânicas, provavelmente a Legio I Germanica.


Após servir na Panónia e nas guerras civis, foi aquartelada por Vespasiano na Hispânia Tarraconense para cobrir o espaço deixado pela saída da Legio VI Victrix e da Legio X Gemina, duas das três legiões que normalmente ficavam aquarteladas na província, mas que haviam sido transferidas para a Germania .


Podemos confirmar que o quartel de inverno da legião, durante o período dos últimos imperadores, era a cidade de León através do Itinerário de Antonino, Ptolemeu e da Notitia Imperii, além de diversas inscrições.

 Algumas destas provam que um grande destacamento da Sétima estava aquartelado em Tarraco (atual Tarragona), a principal cidade da província.


A ponte romana sobre o Rio Tâmega, em Chaves, Portugal, então chamada de Aqua Flaviae, foi construída pelos legionários da Sétima Gemina ali estacionados durante o reinado de Trajano.


O grupo musical Sétima Legião escolheu o nome em sua homenagem.




Esta  Legião tinha unidades estacionados em diversos campos fortificados:
Tarraco sob o comando directo do governador da província Tarraconensis;
Emerita Augusta, sob as ordens directas do governador da província Lusitania;
Astorga, perto das minas de ouro, para supervisão e escolta;
Em local desconhecido no Norte de Portugal, perto de minas de ouro;
Em Trítio Magallum ( Tricio em Rioja ) Lucus Augusti (Lugo) Segisama ( Sasamon, Burgos) para controlar a principal via romana de acesso a Aquitania.



A Septima Gemina integrava também cinco unidades auxiliares, uma ala de cavalaria, duas coortes de equitatae e duas de peditatae:
 II Asa, Flavia Hispanorum civium romanorum, acantonada em Petavonium (perto de Zamora);
Cohors I Celtiberorum Equitata romanorum civium , acantonada no Municipium Flaviae Brigantia (perto de La Coruña )
Cohors I Galica Equitata romanorum civium , acantonada em Pisoraca, ( Herrera de Pisuerga , Palencia )
Cohors II Galica, acantonada na localidade desconhecida de "ad cohortem Galicam " (que se supõe ser em território de Portugal)
Cohors III Lucensium , acantonada perto de Lucus Augustium (Lugo) .


Durante a maior parte de sua existência o número de efectivos da VII era geralmente em torno de 7700, entre auxiliares e regulares, sem contar com contingentes locais e outros reforços enviados por Roma para serviços temporários. Fonte: Wikipedia




Legio Septima Gemina (properly Geminia: Latin for "The Twins' Seventh Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was founded in AD 68 in Spain by the general Galba to take part in his rebellion against the emperor Nero. "Geminia" means the legion was dedicated to the legendary twin founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus, who were suckled by a she-wolf. The legion was deployed the city called Legio (modern-day León, Spain) in AD 74 and remained in Hispania to the end of the 4th century.[1]
Tacitus calls the legion "Galbiana", to distinguish it from the senior Legio VII Claudia, but this appellation is not found on any inscriptions. It appears to have received the appellation of "Gemina"[2] on account of its amalgamation by Vespasian with one of the German legions, not improbably the Legio I Germanica.
Between 86 and 89 the Legion was commanded by the future emperor and native of the region Trajan.[3]
After serving in Pannonia, and in the civil wars, it was settled by Vespasian in Hispania Tarraconensis, to supply the place of the Legio VI Victrix and Legio X Gemina, two of the three legions ordinarily stationed in the province, but which had been withdrawn to Germania.[4] That its regular winter quarters, under later emperors, were at Leon, we learn from the Antonine Itinerary, Ptolemy, and the Notitia Imperii, as well as from a few inscriptions;[5] but there are numerous inscriptions to prove that a strong detachment of it was stationed at Tarraco (modern Tarragona), the chief city of the province.
The legion had units stationed at their extended fortified camps:
  • Tarraco under the direct command of the governor of the Tarraconensis province.
  • Emerita Augusta, under the direct orders of the governor of the Lusitanian province.
  • Astorga, near the gold mines to supervise and escort of its imperial trains
  • Somewhere unknown in the north of Portugal near their gold mines.
  • Tritium Magallum (Tricio in Rioja)
  • Lucus Augusti (Lugo)
  • Segisama (Sasamon Burgos) to control the main Roman Via of access to Aquitania

Also under the legion were five auxiliary units, a cavalry wing, two cohorts of equitatae and two of peditatae,
  • II Wing, Flavia Hispanorum civium romanorum, cantoned in Petavonium (near Zamora).
  • Cohors I Celtiberorum Equitata civium romanorum, cantoned within Municipium Flaviae Brigantia (near La Coruña).
  • Cohors I Galica Equitata civium romanorum, cantoned at Pisoraca, (Herrera de Pisuerga, Palencia).
  • Cohors II Galica, cantoned in the unknown locality of "ad cohortem Galicam" (suspected to be in Portugal).
  • Cohors III Lucensium, cantoned near Lucus Augustium (Lugo).
During the majority of its existence the number of effectives under the military commander of the VII were usually around the 7,712 between auxiliaries and regulars, not counting local levies and other reinforcements send from Rome for temporary services.
The station of this legion in the Gallaecia Roman province grew into an important city, León, that after the invasions of 409 AD in Iberia became part of the Suevic Kingdom, which resisted the attacks of the Visigoths til 586, when it was taken by Leovigild; and it was one of the few cities which the Visigoths allowed to retain their fortifications. The Roman bridge over the Tâmega River in Chaves, Portugal, then Aquae Flaviae, was built by the stationed legionaries of the Legio VII Gemina at the time of Trajan.

quarta-feira, 22 de julho de 2015

Alfonso III de Asturias, el Magno

Alfonso III de Asturias, llamado el Magno (c. 850 - Zamora, 20 de Diciembre de 910),1 fue rey de Asturias desde 866 hasta poco antes de su defunción, ocurrida en 910. Hijo y sucesor de Ordoño I y de su esposa, la reina Nuña, Alfonso III fue el último rey asturiano, o el primero de León, ya que en esta ciudad residió largas temporadas, y allí tenía su Consejo de Gobierno y Tribunal de Justicia.


 Alfonso III (c. 850 – 20th December 910), called the Great, was the king of León, Galicia and Asturias from 866 until his death. He was the son and successor of Ordoño I. In later sources he is the earliest to be called "Emperor of Spain." He was also titled "Prince of all Galicia" (Princeps totius Galletiae)





El Rey Alfonso III y su Reina, Doña Jimena, con el Obispo Gomelo II

sábado, 11 de julho de 2015

Cependant, à Saint-Domingue...

Saint-Domingue est une ancienne colonie française, située sur la partie occidentale de l'Île d'Hispaniola, qui a existé de 1627 au , date à laquelle elle devint indépendante sous le nom d’Haïti, après un conflit entre un corps expéditionnaire de Napoléon Bonaparte et les Noirs insurgés menés par Toussaint Louverture... plus d´information ici


Santo Domingo is a former French colony, located on the western part of Hispaniola Island; it existed from 1627 to the 1st January 1804, when it became independent under the name of Haiti, after armed conflict between an expeditionary force sent by Napoleon Bonaparte and Black insurgents led by Toussaint Louverture... more information here











 
"Le général Toussaint Louverture"- Auteur inconnu/Unknown author - NYPL Digital Gallery



domingo, 5 de julho de 2015

The Jomsvikings.

The Jomsvikings were a possibly legendary company of Viking mercenaries or brigands of the 10th and 11th century dedicated to the worship of such deities as Odin and Thor
They were staunchly pagan, but reputedly would fight for any lord able to pay their substantial fees - and occasionally fought alongside Christian rulers... more information here.


  


Jarl Sigvald got himself a brand new sword - I thought the mini-axe he was sporting was somewhat innapropriate for a man of his stature - the full 28mm of it.


This fellow kind of reminds me of  Matthew McConaughey in "Reign of Fire".. what do you think? :)